PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Britain			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian of England		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of North America			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian																								0.0042
		Greenlandian																								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian																							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian																		Castlecliffian					Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian																		Castlecliffian					Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian																		Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian																		Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian																		Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	Mangapanian					Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian																		Waipipian					Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean																		Waipipian					Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean																		Opoitian					Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	Taranaki	Kapitean					Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian																		Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian																		Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian																	Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian																		Waiauan					Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian																		Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian																		Lillburnian						13.82
																				Clifdenian						15.1
																			Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian																		Altonian					Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian																		Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian																		Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian																	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		Waitakian					Late Oligocene	23.03
																				Duntroonian						25.2
																				Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian																							Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																							Late Eocene	33.9
																			Arnold	Runangan						34.6
																				Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian																		Kaiatan					Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian																		Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian																		Bortonian						41.2
																			Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
																				Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian																		Heretaungan					Early Eocene	47.8
																				Mangaorapan						48.9
																				Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		Teurian					Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian																							Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian																							Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	Mata	Haumurian				Senonian		66
		Campanian																		Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian																		Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian																	Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian																								86.3
		Turonian																								89.8
																				Mangaotanean						90.5
																				Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian																		Arowhanan						93.9
																			Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
																				Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		Motuan				Gallic		100.5
																				Urutawan						103.3
																			Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian																		Korangan						113
		Aptian																								117.5
		Barremian																								121.4
		Hauterivian																						Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian																								132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian	Buildwas						426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian	Buildwas						427.4
		Homerian	Wych					Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park						439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill						Hirnantian	Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Rawtheyan			Richmondian		446 *
									Cautleyan					448.9 *
									Pusgillian					449.3 *
			Caradoc						Streffordian					Onnian †	449.6 *
										Berounian					449.7 *
												Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Edenian				450.4 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
				Cheneyan	451.5 *
				Burrellian	452.7 *
		Sandbian			453
					Actonian †				453.2 *
					Actonian †				Turinian			453.7 *
					Marshbrookian †							Woolstonian †		454.2 *
					Longvillian †									455.2 *
														Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
				Aurelucian													456.8 *
									Whiterockian						Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian													457.4 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn														458.4
										Dobrotivian								458.5 *
										Oretanian								459.7 *
				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn														461.3 *
													Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian											Klabava †					467.3
										Arenigian								468
			Arenig	Fennian														468.4 *
						Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian			Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †						Cassinian †	470
				Whitlandian					Blackhillsian									471.1 *
				Whitlandian			Tulean		473.9 *
				Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian					Tremadocian				477.7
				Migneintian			Stairsian						480.3 *
				Cressagian			Stairsian						480.8 *
							Skullrockian						Demingian †				482 *
																	Mansian †	483.55 *
																	Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian		Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian							Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10																			487.5
		Jiangshanian																			489.5
									Aksaian												490.7 *
									Sakian												492.2 *
		Paibian																			494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian								494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †		Ayusokkanian										Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian											499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian											500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †											Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																			Early Cambrian	Amgan/Solvan	509
													Toyonian									Lenian †	510 *
													Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3											Botomian										514
		Stage 3											Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian										521
		Stage 2											Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian											Nemakit-Daldynian									Manykaian †	529
																										538.8