PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian										Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Gashatan								56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																Senonian	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																Gallic	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian													254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
														Filipovian					276.5 *
														Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian											Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
														Irginian					285.9 *
														Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian											Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian											Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian											Asselian	Shikhanian					293.52
														Uskalykian					294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian						Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Berounian							Streffordian		449.7 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Aurelucian					456.8 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
									Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Dobrotivian												458.5 *
			Oretanian												459.7 *
										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
									Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian												468
								Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian					470
										Whitlandian					471.1 *
										Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
									Cressagian	480.8 *
									Cressagian	Mansian †					483.55 *
										Mansian †					485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian				Tavgian †					Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian										489.5
						Aksaian										490.7 *
						Sakian										492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †				Ayusokkanian							497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †							Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Amgan/Solvan	509
					Toyonian		Lenian †								510 *
					Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian										514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian										521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †								529
																			538.8