PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Australia	Silurian of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian														Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian														Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian														Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian										Pannonian				Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian										Sarmatian				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian										Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian														Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian														Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian														Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian														Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian														Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian														Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian														Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian												Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian												Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian												Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian												Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian												Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Late Albian			100.5
														Middle Albian			106.2 *
														Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian												Late Aptian			113
		Aptian												Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian												Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian												Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian												Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian												Late Berriasian			139.8
														Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
														Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian												Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian												Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian												Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian												Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian													Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian												Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian												Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian												Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian												Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												Late Toarcian			174.7
														Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
														Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian												Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian												Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian												Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian												Sevatian			208.5
														Alaunian			213.2 *
														Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian												Tuvalian			227
		Carnian												Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Longobardian			237
		Ladinian												Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian					Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian	315.2				Atokan
		Bashkirian	Morrowan				318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian				323.2
		Visean	Chesterian				330.9
			Meramecian				335.8 *
			Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean				346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian				351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian	443.8
		Katian								Bolindian	445.2
										Eastonian	449 *
										Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian								Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian								Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian								Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian	470
										Bendigonian	471.8 *
										Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian								Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian								Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Datsonian		485.4
		Stage 10								Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian								Iverian		489.5
		Paibian								Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †		Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian										Boomerangian	499
		Drumian										Undillan	500.5
		Drumian										Floran	503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								509		Ordian
																	510.8 *