PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean					0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean								Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian							7.246
		Tortonian						Pannonian		Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian						Sarmatian		Clarendonian					11.63
								Sarmatian		Barstovian					12.5
								Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
										Hemingfordian					16.3
										Arikareean					18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
										Whitneyan					29.5
										Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Chadronian					33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian								Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian					47.8
										Wasatchian					50.5
										Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Clarkforkian					56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian								Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Late Albian		100.5
													Middle Albian		106.2 *
													Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian											Late Aptian		113
		Aptian											Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian											Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian		139.8
													Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
													Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian											Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian											Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian	168.2
						Late Bajocian	Humphresianum		168.4
						Early Bajocian	Humphresianum		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	Late Toarcian		174.7
							Late Toarcian		180.1
							Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Middle Toarcian		182
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian					Sevatian		208.5
							Alaunian		213.2 *
							Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian	227
		Carnian					Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian	237
		Ladinian					Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian	242
							Pelsonian	243.8 *
							Bithynian	244.7 *
							Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian	251.2
		Induan						Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian	Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian						Dorashamian	Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Dzhulfian		Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Dzhulfian		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Midian		Lengwuan	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Midian		Kuhfengian	Wordian	264.28
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Murgabian			Wordian	266.2 *
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Murgabian			Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian		Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
									Bolorian				Cathedralian	279.8
													Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian	283.5
			Longlinian							285.4 *
									Yakhtashian	286
									Yakhtashian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian						Zisongian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Zisongian			Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian											300.1
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
		Visean											330.9
		Tournaisian											346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma								421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare								423
		Ludfordian			Paadla								423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula								427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu								429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu								430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
															509