PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of North America		European Faunal Zones	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran											0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian											0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan					MN 17						1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian					MN 17						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						Mangapanian					MN 16						2.58
									Waipipian					MN 16						3
														MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean																		3.6
									Opoitian											3.7
														MN 14						4.2
														MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian												MN 12						7.246
														MN 11						7.75
														MN 10						8.7
														MN 9						9.7
								Southland	Waiauan					MN 9						11.04
														MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian												MN 7 + 8						11.63
														MN 6						12.8 *
									Lillburnian					MN 6						13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian					MN 5						13.82
									Clifdenian											15.1
								Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian												MN 4						15.98
														MN 3						16.9
									Otaian					MN 3						18.7
														MN 2						20
		Aquitanian																		20.44
								Landon	Waitakian											21.7
														MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
									Duntroonian											25.2
									Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
								Arnold	Runangan											34.6
									Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan											37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian											41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
									Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan											47.8
									Mangaorapan											48.9
									Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian											56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian						Lancian/Edmontonian					66
		Campanian							Haumurian						Judithian/Aquilan					72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan											83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
									Mangaotanean											90.5
									Arowhanan											93.7
		Cenomanian		93.9					Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Midian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Midian	Wordian	264.28
		Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Murgabian	Wordian	266.2 *
		Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Murgabian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
								Bolorian		Cathedralian	279.8
										Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian									283.5
								Yakhtashian			286
								Yakhtashian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian						Asselian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli											Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian										Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian										Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian										Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian										Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian										Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian										Jaani	433.4
		Telychian										Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian										Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian										Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			440.8							Raikkula
		Rhuddanian			Juuru							441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian											Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
													Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
				Vormsi									Richmondian		449.6 *
				Vormsi									Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Nabala									Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
				Nabala									Edenian				450.4 *
				Viru									Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
												Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	Rakvere			451.1 *
														Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian												Keila		Idavere †	453
													Turinian	Keila			453.7 *
														Haljala			453.9
														Kukruse			456.4 *
												Whiterockian		Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
														Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												Uhaku				458.4
														Lasnamagi				458.9 *
														Aseri				460.4 *
				Oeland										Kunda				462.9 *
														Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
														Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian																	467.3
						Rangerian							469.1 *
						Rangerian							Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian						Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †		470
																Latorp †			470.1 *
							Hunneberg						473.7 *
												Tulean	473.9 *
		Tremadocian										Tulean	477.7
												Stairsian	480.3 *
							Varangu					Stairsian	481.3 *
							Varangu					Skullrockian	Demingian †				482 *
							Pakerort						Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort										485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
									487.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †		504.5
																				509