PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of China			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian													Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian													Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian													Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian													Waipipian	3
		Zanclean													Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean													Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian													Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian												Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian													Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian													Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian													Lillburnian	13.82
															Clifdenian	15.1
														Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian													Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian													Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian													Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Waitakian	23.03
															Duntroonian	25.2
															Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
														Arnold	Runangan	34.6
															Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian													Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian													Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian													Bortonian	41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
															Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian													Heretaungan	47.8
															Mangaorapan	48.9
															Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Teurian	56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian							Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan								Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian													Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian												Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
															Mangaotanean	90.5
															Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian													Arowhanan	93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
															Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													Motuan	100.5
															Urutawan	103.3
														Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian													Korangan	113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian						Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian								Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian									305.9
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou				Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian								Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Hunjiang †				Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian									470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian									477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian								Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	504.5
																509