PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Pamirs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of North America		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Lujanian														0.0117
		Chibanian					Lujanian														0.129
		Chibanian					Ensenadan														0.3 *
		Calabrian					Ensenadan														0.774
		Calabrian					Sanandresian	Uquian †													1.7 *
		Gelasian					Sanandresian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Vorohuean														2.58
		Piacenzian					Chapadmalalan														2.9 *
		Zanclean					Chapadmalalan														3.6
							Montehermosan														3.7 *
							Huayquerian														4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
							Chasicoan														7.9 *
							Mayoan														9.9 *
							Laventan														10.9 *
		Serravallian					Laventan														11.63
		Serravallian					Colloncuran														13.7 *
		Langhian					Colloncuran														13.82
		Langhian					Friasian														15.4 *
		Burdigalian					Friasian														15.98
							Santacrucian														16.2 *
							Colhuehuapian														17.4 *
		Aquitanian					Colhuehuapian														20.44
		Aquitanian					Deseadan														20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
		Rupelian																			27.82
		Rupelian					Tinguirirican														28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian					Tinguirirican														33.9
		Priabonian					Divisaderan														35.9 *
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Lutetian					Mustersan														41.9 *
		Ypresian					Mustersan														47.8
		Ypresian					Casamayoran														47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Riochican														56
							Itaboraian														56.9 *
							Peligran														58.9 *
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
		Danian					Tiupampan														62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Pliensbachian																			184.2
		Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	Melekhovian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Dzhulfian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
					Noginskian				264.9 *
						Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian			273.01
					Pavlovoposadian	Kubergandian			276.8 *
						Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian			283.5
						Yakhtashian			286
					Rusavkinian	Yakhtashian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian				Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian				303.7
					Khamovnikian				304.8
					Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian				307
					Podolskian				308.9 *
					Kashirian				311.4 *
					Vereian				313.8
					Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian				315.2
					Cheremshanian				316.9 *
					Prikamian				318.6 *
					Severokeltmian				319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
					Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian				323.2
					Protvian				324.4 *
					Steshevian				326.8 *
					Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Venevian		330.9
			Mikhailovian		331.9 *
			Aleksinian		333.7 *
			Tulian		335.8 *
			Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
			Kizelian		350.7 *
			Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Karakubian		354.4 *
			Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton			440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian	453
									Turinian	453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean			473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean			Ungurian				477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
						Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
						Sunwaptan									Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		487.5
															Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian															489.5
										Aksaian							490.7 *
										Sakian							492.2 *
						Steptoean											493 *
															Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian													Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			Marjumian	Albertian †				Ayusokkanian	St Davids			497
														Ayusokkanian				Arcadian	498.4
																			499.5
		Drumian												Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian												Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †					Tuesaian					Topazan	504.5
																			Topazan	505.3
																			Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †					Branchian			Caerfai		509
														Toyonian						510 *
														Toyonian					Dyeran	511 *
														Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3																		514
																			Montezuman	514.8 *
														Atdabanian						515.6 *
															Placentian					517.1
																			Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Tommotian						521
		Stage 2																		525.5
		Fortunian	529
																					538.8