PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Pamirs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene			Lujanian						0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene			Lujanian						0.129
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene			Ensenadan						0.3 *
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene			Ensenadan						0.774
		Calabrian								Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
		Gelasian								Sanandresian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Late Pliocene			Vorohuean						2.58
		Piacenzian					Late Pliocene			Chapadmalalan						2.9 *
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene			Chapadmalalan						3.6
										Montehermosan						3.7 *
										Huayquerian						4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
										Chasicoan						7.9 *
										Mayoan						9.9 *
										Laventan						10.9 *
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene	Cenozoic 5		Laventan						11.63
		Serravallian								Colloncuran						13.7 *
		Langhian								Colloncuran						13.82
		Langhian								Friasian						15.4 *
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene			Friasian						15.98
										Santacrucian						16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
		Aquitanian								Colhuehuapian						20.44
		Aquitanian								Deseadan						20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene	Cenozoic 4								23.03
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene									27.82
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene			Tinguirirican						28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene	Cenozoic 3		Tinguirirican						33.9
		Priabonian					Late Eocene			Divisaderan						35.9 *
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Lutetian								Mustersan						41.9 *
		Ypresian					Early Eocene			Mustersan						47.8
		Ypresian					Early Eocene			Casamayoran						47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene	Cenozoic 1		Riochican						56
										Itaboraian						56.9 *
										Peligran						58.9 *
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene									61.6
		Danian					Early Paleocene			Tiupampan						62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian											Epizigzagiceras			168.2
		Bajocian											Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense		181.3 *
				Carlottense		182.3 *
				Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae		Jurassic 2		184.2
				Freboldi				185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi				Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras				Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1			192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras				196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1					Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1					Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian					Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †							Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Midian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian									Midian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian									Murgabian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266.2 *
		Roadian							Permian 3		Murgabian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian		Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian							Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian							Bolorian				283.5
		Artinskian							Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian							Asselian		Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian									Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian									Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian									Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean									Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian									Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7								Devonian 3
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †			449.6 *
										Cheneyan				451.5 *
										Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4											453
											Actonian †			453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †				455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †				456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
		Dapingian					Arenig			Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian					470
										Whitlandian					471.1 *
										Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Tremadoc			Migneintian					477.7
							Tremadoc	Cressagian		480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1	529
																538.8