PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
															Irvingtonian			0.21
																	Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene				0.774
															Blancan			1.4
																	Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian															Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian															Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Late Pliocene			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian												Late Pliocene			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene			Waipipian	3.6
																	Opoitian	3.7
															Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian															Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
															Clarendonian			9.4
																Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene				11.63
															Barstovian			12.5
																	Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian															Lillburnian	13.82
																	Clifdenian	15.1
																Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene				15.98
															Hemingfordian			16.3
															Arikareean			18.5
																	Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian															Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene			Waitakian	23.03
																	Duntroonian	25.2
																	Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene				27.82
															Whitneyan			29.5
															Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
																Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																	Kaiatan	36.7
															Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene				37.71
																	Bortonian	39.1
															Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2						41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																	Heretaungan	45.7
															Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene				47.8
																	Mangaorapan	48.9
															Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
															Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
															Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian												Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian												Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian												Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian	Cretaceous 8			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan	Cretaceous 7				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5				Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4				Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3				Korangan	113
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian					Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †						Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Midian	259.51
		Wordian									Midian	264.28
		Wordian									Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian								Permian 3	Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian	Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian								Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian								Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian								Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian								Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian									Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian									Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian									Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean									Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian									Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Devonian 5	Late Famennian	358.9
												Middle Famennian	365.3 *
												Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian									Devonian 4	Late Frasnian	372.2
												Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
												Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Devonian 3	Late Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian			383.7 *
			Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian		410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †				445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo		Ordovician 3	458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Ordovician 3	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian					Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian					Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian					Ungurian	Ordovician 1		477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †	Ungurian	Ordovician 1		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Cambrian 5		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian				489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian		Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				Tuesaian		Cambrian 3		504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †								505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian	509
									Toyonian				510 *
									Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian		Cambrian 2		514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian				521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian									Cambrian 1		529
																		538.8