PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Cambrian of North America		South American Land Mammal Ages		European Faunal Units	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Lujanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian								Lujanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian								Ensenadan				Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian								Ensenadan				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian								Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian								Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Vorohuean		Villanyian		Late Pliocene	2.58
										Chapadmalalan		Villanyian			2.9 *
												Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene	3.6
										Montehermosan					3.7 *
										Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										Turolian		Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
										Chasicoan					7.9 *
										Chasicoan		Vallesian			8.7
										Mayoan					9.9 *
										Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian								Laventan		Astaracian		Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian								Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian								Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian								Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian								Friasian		Orleanian		Early Miocene	15.98
										Santacrucian					16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
												Agenian			20
		Aquitanian													20.44
		Aquitanian								Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian								Tinguirirican				Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian								Tinguirirican				Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian								Divisaderan				Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Lutetian								Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian								Mustersan				Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian								Casamayoran				Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Riochican				Late Paleocene	56
										Itaboraian					56.9 *
										Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian												Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian								Tiupampan				Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian											Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian	259.51
		Wordian			Midian	264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				Datsonian	485.4
							Payntonian	486.8 *
							Payntonian	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Iverian	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Iverian	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Idamean	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				Marjumian	Albertian †	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian							Boomerangian	499
		Drumian							Undillan	500.5
		Drumian							Floran	503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			Topazan		Templetonian	504.5
							Delamaran		Templetonian	506.5
									Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Waucoban †	Ordian	509
										510.8 *
							Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran			514
							Montezuman			514.8 *
							Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
															538.8