PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean														3.6
								Hemphillian								4.7
													Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
								Clarendonian								9.4
													Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Serravallian						Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian											Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
								Hemingfordian								16.3
								Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
								Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4									23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
								Whitneyan								29.5
								Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3	Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian								47.8
								Wasatchian								50.5
								Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian						Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian												Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian												Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4							Late Albian		100.5
														Middle Albian		106.2 *
														Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian		113
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2							Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian												Late Berriasian		139.8
														Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
														Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *		Jurassic 6								Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian		174.7
					Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
					Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Sevatian		208.5
					Alaunian		213.2 *
					Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †					Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian	259.51
		Wordian							Midian	264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Permian 3				Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian				Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian					279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian					283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian					286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Asselian				Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian							Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Datsonian		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian					Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian					Jiangshanian		489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian				Idamean					Paibian		494
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Cambrian 4		Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
								Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian					499
								Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian						Undillan				Drumian		500.5
		Drumian						Floran				Drumian		503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3		Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				Ordian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian		509
									Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
									Toyonian					510.8 *
									Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3				Cambrian 2			Botomian			Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian			Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian				Cambrian 1			Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian				Cambrian 1			Manykaian †	Jinnigian		530.7
																538.8