PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		South American Land Mammal Ages		Devonian Subages	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian					0.0117
		Chibanian						Lujanian					0.129
		Chibanian						Ensenadan					0.3 *
		Calabrian						Ensenadan					0.774
		Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian						Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Vorohuean					2.58
		Piacenzian						Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
		Zanclean						Chapadmalalan					3.6
								Montehermosan					3.7 *
								Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
								Chasicoan					7.9 *
								Mayoan					9.9 *
								Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian						Laventan					11.63
		Serravallian						Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian						Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian						Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian						Friasian					15.98
								Santacrucian					16.2 *
								Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
		Aquitanian						Colhuehuapian					20.44
		Aquitanian						Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian						Tinguirirican					28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Tinguirirican					33.9
		Priabonian						Divisaderan					35.9 *
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian						Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian						Mustersan					47.8
		Ypresian						Casamayoran					47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Riochican					56
								Itaboraian					56.9 *
								Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian						Tiupampan					62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian							100.5
						Middle Albian							106.2 *
						Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian							113
		Aptian				Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian							139.8
						Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
						Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		174.7
				Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian		208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian					Wordian			264.28
		Roadian					Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian			Cathedralian		273.01
		Kungurian								Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian							Autunian	Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian			Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian								Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian								Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian					358.9
			Middle Famennian					365.3 *
			Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian					372.2
			Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
			Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian					382.7
			Middle Givetian					383.7 *
			Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian					387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian					393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian					398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					410.8
			Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian			485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian			489.5
					Aksaian			490.7 *
					Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian			Sakian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		Tuesaian			504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
								Toyonian			510 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3		514				Botomian
		Stage 3		Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian				521
													525.5