PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		South American Land Mammal Ages		Silurian of North America			Ordovician of Britain		Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian							Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian						Lujanian							Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian						Ensenadan							Middle Pleistocene			0.3 *
		Calabrian						Ensenadan							Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †									1.7 *
		Gelasian						Sanandresian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Vorohuean							Late Pliocene			2.58
		Piacenzian						Chapadmalalan							Late Pliocene			2.9 *
		Zanclean						Chapadmalalan							Early Pliocene			3.6
								Montehermosan										3.7 *
								Huayquerian										4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
								Chasicoan										7.9 *
								Mayoan										9.9 *
								Laventan										10.9 *
		Serravallian						Laventan							Middle Miocene			11.63
		Serravallian						Colloncuran										13.7 *
		Langhian						Colloncuran										13.82
		Langhian						Friasian										15.4 *
		Burdigalian						Friasian							Early Miocene			15.98
								Santacrucian										16.2 *
								Colhuehuapian										17.4 *
		Aquitanian						Colhuehuapian										20.44
		Aquitanian						Deseadan										20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
		Rupelian													Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan		27.82
		Rupelian						Tinguirirican							Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Tinguirirican							Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Priabonian						Divisaderan							Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		35.9 *
		Bartonian													Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Lutetian						Mustersan										41.9 *
		Ypresian						Mustersan							Early Eocene		Bumbanian	47.8
		Ypresian						Casamayoran							Early Eocene		Bumbanian	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Riochican							Late Paleocene	Gashatan		56
								Itaboraian										56.9 *
								Peligran										58.9 *
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene			61.6
		Danian						Tiupampan							Early Paleocene			62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian												72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian												100.5
						Middle Albian												106.2 *
						Early Albian												109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian												113
		Aptian				Early Aptian												119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian												139.8
						Middle Berriasian												140.6 *
						Early Berriasian												142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian											145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian											146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian												152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		174.7
				Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian		208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian	Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian				Dorashamian	Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Dzhulfian		Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Dzhulfian		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian		Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian					Midian		Kuhfengian	264.28
		Wordian					Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian					Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian		Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian					Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian								283.5
									Longlinian	285.4 *
							Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Asselian				Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
					Alexandrian					438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton	440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian								Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Fennian			470
											Whitlandian			471.1 *
											Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian								Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
										Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †					497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †			504.5
																		509