PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Sheridanian			Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian						Sheridanian			Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Chibanian						Cudahyan/Sappan			Middle Pleistocene		0.21
		Calabrian						Cudahyan/Sappan			Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Calabrian						Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Late Pliocene		2.58
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene		3.6
		Zanclean						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			Early Pliocene		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			Middle Miocene		11.63
		Serravallian						late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene		15.98
								Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
								late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene		23.03
									Monroecreekian				23.1 *
									Geringian				24.7 *
		Rupelian							Geringian		Early Oligocene		27.82
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene		29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Late Eocene		33.9
		Priabonian									Late Eocene		37
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene		37.71
		Bartonian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			Early Eocene		47.8
								Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
										Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Late Paleocene		56
		Thanetian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Late Paleocene		56.2
		Selandian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Selandian								To3/To2/To1	Middle Paleocene		60.9
		Danian								To3/To2/To1	Early Paleocene		61.6
		Danian								Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Early Paleocene		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian							100.5
						Middle Albian							106.2 *
						Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian							113
		Aptian				Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian							139.8
						Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
						Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
				Late Bajocian		Humphresianum						168.4
				Early Bajocian		Humphresianum						168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
				Late Toarcian								180.1
				Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
				Middle Toarcian	Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
				Early Toarcian	Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian		Sevatian								208.5
				Alaunian								213.2 *
				Lacian								216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian								227
		Carnian		Julian								233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian								237
		Ladinian		Fassanian								239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian								242
				Pelsonian								243.8 *
				Bithynian								244.7 *
				Aegean					245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian					247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian					248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian					251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian					251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
													509