PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Silurian of North America			Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Sheridanian									0.0117
		Chibanian						Sheridanian									0.129
		Chibanian						Cudahyan/Sappan									0.21
		Calabrian						Cudahyan/Sappan									0.774
		Calabrian						Senecan/Rexroadian									1.4
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
		Zanclean															3.6
		Zanclean						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian									4.7
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									9.4
		Serravallian						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									11.63
		Serravallian						late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian									12.5
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
								Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									16.3
								late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian								18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
									Monroecreekian								23.1 *
									Geringian								24.7 *
		Rupelian							Geringian								27.82
		Rupelian															29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									33.9
		Priabonian															37
		Bartonian															37.71
		Bartonian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan									41.2
		Lutetian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian									46.2
		Ypresian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian									47.8
								Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean									50.5
										Cf3/Cf2/Cf1							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1							56
		Thanetian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							56.2
		Selandian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							59.2
		Selandian								To3/To2/To1							60.9
		Danian								To3/To2/To1							61.6
		Danian								Pu3/Pu2/Pu1							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian											100.5
						Middle Albian											106.2 *
						Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian											113
		Aptian				Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian											139.8
						Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
						Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian	168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian	174.7
				Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
				Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian		Sevatian	208.5
				Alaunian	213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Zechstein			254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Zechstein			Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes					Severodvinian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian									Urzhumian	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian							Kazanian		Povolzhian	Roadian	266.9
		Roadian							Kazanian		Sokian	Roadian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
									Filipovian				276.5 *
									Saraninian				280.1 *
									Saraninian			Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian				Autunian		Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
									Irginian				285.9 *
									Irginian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian					Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian					Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian					Shikhanian	Nealian	293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									Adorf	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Emsian		393.3
		Pragian									Siegen		407.6
		Pragian									Siegen	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian									Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Cayugan	Ohesaare		419.2
											Cayugan	Kaugetuma		421.7 *
							Niagaran				422.5 *	Kaugetuma
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian									Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian									Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian									Lockportian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian										Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian										Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian									Ontarian	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian										Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian												438.5
														Alexandrian	438.7 *
												Raikkula			439.4 *
							Medinan				Clinton				440.1 *
															440.7 *
		Rhuddanian													440.8
		Rhuddanian										Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian													443.8
		Katian													445.2
		Sandbian													453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian													467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian													477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †											497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Branchian	509
		Stage 3													Branchian	514
		Stage 3													Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8