PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean				Cenozoic 6	0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean						Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian							Pannonian				7.246
		Tortonian						Clarendonian	Pannonian				9.4
		Serravallian						Clarendonian	Sarmatian			Cenozoic 5	11.63
								Barstovian	Sarmatian				12.5
									Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
								Hemingfordian					16.3
								Arikareean					18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4	23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
								Whitneyan					29.5
								Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian				Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian						Uintan				Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian					47.8
								Wasatchian					50.5
								Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian				Cenozoic 1	56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian						Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian						Cretaceous 4	100.5
						Middle Albian							106.2 *
						Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian						Cretaceous 3	113
		Aptian				Early Aptian						Cretaceous 3	119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian						Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian							139.8
						Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
						Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					Jurassic 6	145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					Jurassic 6	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
				Late Bajocian						Humphresianum	168.4
				Early Bajocian						Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense				174.7
				Late Toarcian							180.1
				Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
				Middle Toarcian		Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182
				Early Toarcian		Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Sevatian							208.5
				Alaunian							213.2 *
				Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian					Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian					Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian					Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian						242
				Pelsonian						243.8 *
				Bithynian						244.7 *
				Aegean						245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian					Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian						248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian						251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian						251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian							Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian							Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian									Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian						Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean						Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian						Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian						Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian						Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5	Harju		Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
					Vormsi						449.6 *
					Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
					Viru				Rakvere			450.6 *
									Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4	Keila		Idavere †	453
									Haljala			453.9
									Kukruse			456.4 *
							Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku	Ordovician 3			458.4
							Lasnamagi				458.9 *
							Aseri				460.4 *
					Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
							Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Ordovician 2	Volkhov	467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
								Latorp †			470.1 *
							Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Ordovician 1	Hunneberg				477.7
							Varangu				481.3 *
							Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5	Pakerort				485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †					Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian									Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509	Cambrian 3
	Series 2	Stage 3								Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1	529
													538.8