PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean		Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean								0.129
								Irvingtonian								0.21
												Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian														0.774
								Blancan								1.4
												Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian				3
		Zanclean										Waipipian				3.6
												Opoitian				3.7
								Hemphillian				Opoitian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian													Pannonian	7.246
								Clarendonian								9.4
											Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5					Sarmatian	11.63
								Barstovian							Sarmatian	12.5
															Badenian	12.8 *
												Lillburnian			Badenian	13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian				13.82
												Clifdenian				15.1
											Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian														15.98
								Hemingfordian								16.3
								Arikareean								18.5
												Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4		Waitakian				23.03
												Duntroonian				25.2
												Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
								Whitneyan								29.5
								Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian		Cenozoic 3						33.9
											Arnold	Runangan				34.6
												Kaiatan				36.7
								Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian														37.71
												Bortonian				39.1
								Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2						41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
												Heretaungan				45.7
								Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian														47.8
												Mangaorapan				48.9
								Wasatchian				Mangaorapan				50.5
								Wasatchian				Waipawan				52
								Clarkforkian				Waipawan				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian		Cenozoic 1		Teurian				56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian		Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian	Senonian	66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Cretaceous 7		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
								Mangaotanean		90.5
								Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan		93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
								Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian		Cretaceous 4		Motuan	Gallic	100.5
				Late Albian				Urutawan		103.3
				Middle Albian				Urutawan		106.2 *
				Middle Albian			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3				113
				Late Aptian						117.5
				Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian		Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2			Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian						139.8
				Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
				Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5				149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian							168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian							174.7
				Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
				Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian							208.5
				Alaunian							213.2 *
				Lacian							216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian			Triassic 3				227
		Carnian		Julian			Triassic 3				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian			Triassic 2				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian							239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian							242
				Pelsonian							243.8 *
				Bithynian							244.7 *
				Aegean							245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian			Triassic 1				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian							248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian							251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian							251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian				Permian 4	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Dorashamian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †					Dzhulfian	Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †					Dzhulfian	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Midian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian										Midian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian		Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian		Permian 2						Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian									279.8
		Artinskian										283.5
											Longlinian	285.4 *
			Yakhtashian									286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian	Asselian		Permian 1						Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5						Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	Ungurian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian		485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian		489.5
						Aksaian		490.7 *
						Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Cambrian 4		Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
								Toyonian	510 *
								Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2	Botomian	514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian	521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian					Cambrian 1		529
																538.8