PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian Epochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean					0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean						Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian						Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian						Clarendonian					11.63
		Serravallian						Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
								Hemingfordian					16.3
								Arikareean					18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
								Whitneyan					29.5
								Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian					33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian						Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian					47.8
								Wasatchian					50.5
								Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian					56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian						Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian							100.5
						Middle Albian							106.2 *
						Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian							113
		Aptian				Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian							139.8
						Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
						Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
				Late Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
				Early Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
							Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
						Kanense			181.3 *
						Carlottense			182.3 *
				Early Toarcian		Carlottense			182.9 *
				Early Toarcian		Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Kunae			184.2
						Freboldi			185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian		Sevatian						208.5
				Alaunian						213.2 *
				Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian						227
		Carnian		Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian						237
		Ladinian		Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian						242
				Pelsonian						243.8 *
				Bithynian						244.7 *
				Aegean						245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian						247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian						248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian						251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian						251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill			Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
					Caradoc			Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig			Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470		Fennian
						Whitlandian	471.1 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
													538.8