PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Siberia			Central Paratethys Stages	Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of North America		South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian															Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian															Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian															Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian															Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian															Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian															Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean															Chapadmalalan		3.6
																	Montehermosan		3.7 *
																	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian											Pannonian						7.246
																	Chasicoan		7.9 *
																	Mayoan		9.9 *
																	Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian											Sarmatian	Cenozoic 5					11.63
													Badenian						12.8 *
													Badenian				Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian															Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian															Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian															Friasian		15.98
																	Santacrucian		16.2 *
																	Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
		Aquitanian															Colhuehuapian		20.44
		Aquitanian															Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					Cenozoic 4					23.03
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan											27.82
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan									Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						Cenozoic 3			Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan											37.71
		Lutetian												Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Lutetian															Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian							Bumbanian								Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian							Bumbanian								Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan						Cenozoic 1			Riochican		56
																	Itaboraian		56.9 *
																	Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
		Danian															Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian								Cretaceous 4					100.5
						Middle Albian													106.2 *
						Early Albian													109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian								Cretaceous 3					113
		Aptian				Early Aptian								Cretaceous 3					119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian								Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian													139.8
						Middle Berriasian													140.6 *
						Early Berriasian													142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							Jurassic 6					145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							Jurassic 6					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian		Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Melekhovian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Wordian				Noginskian					264.9 *
		Roadian					Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian				Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
		Artinskian				Pavlovoposadian			283.5
		Artinskian				Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian					Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
			Khamovnikian			304.8
			Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian			Carboniferous 4	307
			Podolskian				308.9 *
			Kashirian				311.4 *
			Vereian				313.8
			Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian				315.2
			Cheremshanian				316.9 *
			Prikamian				318.6 *
			Severokeltmian				319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
			Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Protvian				324.4 *
			Steshevian				326.8 *
			Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Venevian			Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Mikhailovian				331.9 *
			Aleksinian				333.7 *
			Tulian				335.8 *
			Bobrikian				339.9 *
			Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
			Kizelian			350.7 *
			Cherepetian			351.9 *
			Karakubian			354.4 *
			Upinian			356.3 *
			Malevkian			357.6 *
			Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5				Harju		Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu							445.2
				Vormsi							449.6 *
				Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
				Viru					Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4				Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3				Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland					Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Ordovician 2				Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1				Hunneberg			477.7
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
												Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian					Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	Cambrian 5	485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
					Aksaian									490.7 *
					Sakian									492.2 *
		Paibian												494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †					Ayusokkanian				Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †				Amgan/Solvan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Amgan/Solvan		509
												Toyonian		Lenian †		510 *
												Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3										Botomian			Cambrian 2	514
		Stage 3										Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian				521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian										Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	Cambrian 1	529
																			538.8