PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Carboniferous of North America	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian													Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian													Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian													Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Yushean		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian													Waipipian	3
		Zanclean													Waipipian	3.6
															Opoitian	3.7
													Baodean		Opoitian	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian													Tongaporutuan	7.246
														Southland	Waiauan	11.04
													Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian														11.63
		Serravallian													Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian											Shanwangian		Lillburnian	13.82
															Clifdenian	15.1
														Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian														15.98
													Xiejiaan			16.9
															Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian													Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						Waitakian	23.03
															Duntroonian	25.2
															Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
														Arnold	Runangan	34.6
															Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian													Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian													Bortonian	41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
															Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian							Bumbanian						Heretaungan	47.8
															Mangaorapan	48.9
															Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan							Teurian	56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
															Mangaotanean	90.5
															Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									Arowhanan	93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
															Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian									Motuan	100.5
						Late Albian									Urutawan	103.3
						Middle Albian									Urutawan	106.2 *
						Middle Albian								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
						Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian	113
				Late Aptian		117.5
				Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian		139.8
				Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
				Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian						174.7
				Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
				Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian		Sevatian						208.5
				Alaunian						213.2 *
				Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian						227
		Carnian		Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian						237
		Ladinian		Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian						242
				Pelsonian						243.8 *
				Bithynian						244.7 *
				Aegean						245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian						Vokhmian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian								248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian								251.2
				Griesbachian								251.4 *
				Griesbachian								Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Kathwai	251.902
													252.4 *
									Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Chhidru	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
									Kalabagh			255 *
			Wargal						256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
										265.3 *
			Amb							266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian								Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian								Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian								Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian								Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian								Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan					318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian					323.2
		Visean			Chesterian					330.9
					Meramecian					335.8 *
					Osagean					343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean					346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian					351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian			365.3 *
							Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian			372.2
							Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
							Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian			382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
																509