PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Central Paratethys Stages	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Silurian Ages of Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian										Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian										Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean										Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian						Pannonian				Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian						Sarmatian				Clarendonian	11.63
								Sarmatian				Barstovian	12.5
								Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
												Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian										Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian										Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian										Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian										Bridgerian	47.8
												Wasatchian	50.5
												Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian										Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian							100.5
						Middle Albian							106.2 *
						Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian							113
		Aptian				Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian							139.8
						Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
						Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
				Late Bajocian			Humphresianum		168.4
				Early Bajocian			Humphresianum		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
				Late Toarcian					180.1
				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
				Middle Toarcian		Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
				Early Toarcian		Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian		Sevatian					208.5
				Alaunian					213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Wordian						Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian						Pavlovoposadian		Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian						Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian		303.7
								Khamovnikian		304.8
								Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian						Myachkovian		307
								Podolskian		308.9 *
								Kashirian		311.4 *
								Vereian		313.8
								Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian		315.2
								Cheremshanian		316.9 *
								Prikamian		318.6 *
								Severokeltmian		319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
								Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Zapaltjubian		323.2
								Protvian		324.4 *
								Steshevian		326.8 *
								Tarusian		329 *
		Visean						Venevian		330.9
								Mikhailovian		331.9 *
								Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian			335.8 *
					Bobrikian			339.9 *
					Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian			346.7
					Kizelian			350.7 *
					Cherepetian			351.9 *
					Karakubian			354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian			427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian			429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				Middle Cambrian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian	Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4								Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran	514
										Montezuman	514.8 *
										Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8