PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Sheridanian					0.0117
		Chibanian									Sheridanian					0.129
											Cudahyan/Sappan					0.21
															Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian														0.774
											Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
															Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Villanyian							Mangapanian	2.58
								Villanyian							Waipipian	3
								Ruscinian								3.1 *
		Zanclean														3.6
															Opoitian	3.7
											Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Turolian						Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian														7.246
								Vallesian								8.7
											Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
														Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian						Astaracian								11.63
											late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
															Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian													Lillburnian	13.82
															Clifdenian	15.1
														Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian						Orleanian								15.98
											Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
											late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
															Otaian	18.7
								Agenian								20
		Aquitanian														20.44
		Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
												Monroecreekian				23.1 *
												Geringian				24.7 *
															Duntroonian	25.2
															Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
		Rupelian														29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					33.9
														Arnold	Runangan	34.6
															Kaiatan	36.7
																37
		Bartonian														37.71
															Bortonian	39.1
											Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian														41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
															Heretaungan	45.7
											Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian														47.8
															Mangaorapan	48.9
											Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Mangaorapan	50.5
											Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Waipawan	52
													Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Teurian	56
		Thanetian											Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			56.2
		Selandian											Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			59.2
		Selandian											To3/To2/To1			60.9
		Danian		61.6									To3/To2/To1
		Danian		Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian			Motuan		100.5
				Late Albian			Urutawan		103.3
				Middle Albian			Urutawan		106.2 *
				Middle Albian		Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian					113
				Late Aptian					117.5
				Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian					139.8
				Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
				Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian				174.7
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
				Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian									Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Sokian		270.7 *					Kazanian
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
					Filipovian					276.5 *
					Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian		Sarginian					283.5
					Irginian					285.9 *
					Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian		Shikhanian					293.52
					Uskalykian					294.8
					Surenian					297.5
					Surenian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Kuzel	298.9
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					303.7				Stephanian A
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian				305 *
		Moscovian					Cantabrian				307
							Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian			324 *
						Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
						Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian				Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian				Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian			Famennian		358.9
						Middle Famennian					365.3 *
						Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian			Frasnian		372.2
						Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
						Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian			Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
						Middle Givetian						383.7 *
						Early Givetian						385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian			Couvinien		Chotec	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian					Chotec	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Pragian				Pragian			Coblencien		Pragian	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian			Gedinnine		Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan				487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan				489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †				Marjumian				Albertian †	497
		Drumian	500.5					Marjumian
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †		Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †		Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran			Waucoban †				509
		Stage 4			Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran							514
					Montezuman							514.8 *
					Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
																538.8