PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian										Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian										Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian										Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian										Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian									MN 17	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
											MN 16	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
											MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean												3.6
												Montehermosan		3.7 *
											MN 14	Montehermosan		4.2
											MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian									MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian									MN 12			7.246
											MN 11			7.75
											MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
											MN 10			8.7
											MN 9			9.7
												Mayoan		9.9 *
												Laventan		10.9 *
											MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5	MN 7 + 8			11.63
											MN 6			12.8 *
											MN 6	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian									MN 5	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian									MN 5	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian									MN 4	Friasian		15.98
											MN 4	Santacrucian		16.2 *
											MN 3	Santacrucian		16.9
											MN 3	Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
											MN 2			20
		Aquitanian												20.44
												Deseadan		20.9 *
											MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4				23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
		Rupelian										Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3		Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian										Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Lutetian										Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian										Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian										Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1		Riochican		56
												Itaboraian		56.9 *
												Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
		Danian										Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian				Cretaceous 4				100.5
						Middle Albian								106.2 *
						Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian				Cretaceous 3				113
		Aptian		Early Aptian	119.5 *					Cretaceous 3
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian	Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian		139.8
				Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
				Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian		Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian						Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian		Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian			Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5		Late Famennian		358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian				Devonian 4		Late Frasnian		372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3		Late Givetian		382.7
								Middle Givetian		383.7 *
								Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2		Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian				Devonian 2		Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian				Devonian 1		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian		410.8
								Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian					429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †				Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Cambrian 4	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			Cambrian 3	Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †				Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3								Cambrian 2	Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1						529
														538.8