PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Lujanian					0.0117
		Chibanian									Lujanian					0.129
		Chibanian									Ensenadan					0.3 *
		Calabrian									Ensenadan					0.774
		Calabrian									Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian									Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Vorohuean					2.58
		Piacenzian									Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
		Zanclean									Chapadmalalan					3.6
											Montehermosan					3.7 *
											Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
											Chasicoan					7.9 *
											Mayoan					9.9 *
											Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5		Laventan					11.63
		Serravallian									Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian									Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian									Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian									Friasian					15.98
											Santacrucian					16.2 *
											Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
		Aquitanian									Colhuehuapian					20.44
		Aquitanian									Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4							23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
		Rupelian									Tinguirirican					28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3		Tinguirirican					33.9
		Priabonian									Divisaderan					35.9 *
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Lutetian									Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian									Mustersan					47.8
		Ypresian									Casamayoran					47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1		Riochican					56
											Itaboraian					56.9 *
											Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
		Danian									Tiupampan					62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Senonian	Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian		Gallic	Cretaceous 4							100.5
						Middle Albian										106.2 *
						Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian			Cretaceous 3							113
		Aptian				Early Aptian			Cretaceous 3							119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian			Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Neocomian	Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian										139.8
						Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
						Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		Jurassic 6							145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		Jurassic 6							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5							149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras		168.2
				Late Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
				Early Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
							Planulata		179.3 *
									Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
							Kanense			181.3 *
							Carlottense			182.3 *
				Early Toarcian			Carlottense			182.9 *
				Early Toarcian			Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Kunae			184.2
							Freboldi			185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1						192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian		Sevatian								208.5
				Alaunian								213.2 *
				Lacian								216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		Triassic 3						227
		Carnian		Julian		Triassic 3						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		Triassic 2						237
		Ladinian		Fassanian								239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian								242
				Pelsonian								243.8 *
				Bithynian								244.7 *
				Aegean								245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Triassic 1						Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian									248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian									251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian									251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian									Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	Ashgill		Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan					445.2
								Cautleyan					448.9 *
								Pusgillian					449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian					Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan						451.5 *
								Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4									453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian					Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
		Darriwilian			Ordovician 3			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian			Ordovician 2			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig		Fennian		468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470	Fennian
							Whitlandian	471.1 *
							Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1	529
																538.8