PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of the Russian Platform		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of North America	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian				Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian																	Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian																	Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian																	Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian																	Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian																	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												Yushean				Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian																	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean																	Chapadmalalan		3.6
																			Montehermosan		3.7 *
															Baodean				Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
																			Chasicoan		7.9 *
																			Mayoan		9.9 *
																			Laventan		10.9 *
															Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian															Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Serravallian																	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian													Shanwangian				Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian																	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian																	Friasian		15.98
																			Santacrucian		16.2 *
															Xiejiaan				Santacrucian		16.9
																			Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
		Aquitanian																	Colhuehuapian		20.44
		Aquitanian																	Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															Cenozoic 4				23.03
		Rupelian																			27.82
		Rupelian																	Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian															Cenozoic 3		Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian																	Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian															Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Lutetian																	Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian																	Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian																	Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian															Cenozoic 1		Riochican		56
																			Itaboraian		56.9 *
																			Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
		Danian																	Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian											Cretaceous 4				100.5
						Middle Albian															106.2 *
						Early Albian															109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian											Cretaceous 3				113
		Aptian				Early Aptian											Cretaceous 3				119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian											Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian															139.8
						Middle Berriasian															140.6 *
						Early Berriasian															142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										Jurassic 6				145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *		Middle Tithonian										Jurassic 6
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian		Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Melekhovian	Permian 4	251.902
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian								Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian				Noginskian				Urzhumian	264.9 *
		Roadian					Kazanian		Povolzhian	Permian 3	266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian		Sokian	Permian 3	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	Permian 2	273.01
									Filipovian		276.5 *
						Pavlovoposadian			Filipovian		276.8 *
									Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian		Sarginian		283.5
									Irginian		285.9 *
			Rusavkinian			287.6 *			Irginian
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian		Permian 1	293.52
							Uskalykian			294.8
							Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian							303.7
			Khamovnikian							304.8
			Krevyakinian							305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian						Carboniferous 4	307
			Podolskian							308.9 *
			Kashirian							311.4 *
			Vereian							313.8
			Melekessian							314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian							315.2
			Cheremshanian							316.9 *
			Prikamian							318.6 *
			Severokeltmian							319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian							321.2 *
			Voznesenian							321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian						Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Protvian		324.4 *
			Steshevian		326.8 *
			Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Venevian		Carboniferous 2				330.9
			Mikhailovian						331.9 *
			Aleksinian						333.7 *
			Tulian						335.8 *
			Bobrikian						339.9 *
			Radaevkian						343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian		Carboniferous 1				346.7
			Kizelian						350.7 *
			Cherepetian						351.9 *
			Karakubian						354.4 *
			Upinian						356.3 *
			Malevkian						357.6 *
			Gumerovian						358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli								Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	Ontarian					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian		438.7 *
					Medinan				Clinton	440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan								Pirgu	445.2
					Cautleyan									448.9 *
					Pusgillian									449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian								Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
														Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
					Cheneyan									Rakvere		451.5 *
					Cheneyan									Oandu		452 *
					Burrellian									Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4						Keila	Idavere †	453
													Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
													Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †						454.2 *
						Longvillian †							455.2 *
													Kukruse	456.4 *
					Aurelucian									456.8 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								457.4 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Ordovician 3					Uhaku		458.4
													Lasnamagi		458.9 *
													Aseri		460.4 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								Aseri		461.3 *
												Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
													Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
													Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Ordovician 2								467.3
				Arenig	Fennian											468.4 *
													Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian														470
														Latorp †		470.1 *
					Whitlandian											471.1 *
					Whitlandian								Hunneberg			473.7 *
					Moridunian											474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian			Ordovician 1								477.7
					Cressagian											480.8 *
													Varangu			481.3 *
													Pakerort			482.2 *
																485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Cambrian 5								485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †								Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian	Arcadian														498.4
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Branchian	Cambrian 3	509
		Stage 3														Branchian	Cambrian 2	514
		Stage 3														Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															Cambrian 1	529
																					538.8