PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean								Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian								Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian								Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian								Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
										Hemingfordian			16.3
										Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
										Whitneyan			29.5
										Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean			37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian								Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian			47.8
										Wasatchian			50.5
										Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian								Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian							100.5
						Middle Albian							106.2 *
						Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian							113
		Aptian				Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian							139.8
						Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
						Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		174.7
				Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian		208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Lengwuan	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Kuhfengian	Wordian		264.28
		Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kuhfengian	Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Luodianian	Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian										283.5
								Longlinian				285.4 *
									Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian									Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian						Zisongian			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian								Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian								Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian								Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian								Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian	509
		Stage 3									Branchian	514
		Stage 3									Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
													538.8