PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Sheridanian			0.0117
		Chibanian														Sheridanian			0.129
		Chibanian														Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
		Calabrian														Cudahyan/Sappan			0.774
		Calabrian														Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean														Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian														Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5							Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian														late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
																Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
																late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4										23.03
																	Monroecreekian		23.1 *
																	Geringian		24.7 *
		Rupelian															Geringian		27.82
		Rupelian																	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3							Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian																	37
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Bartonian														Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2							Late Uintan/Early Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian														Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian														Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			47.8
																Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
																		Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1									Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian																Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian																Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian																To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian																To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian																Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian			Cretaceous 4										100.5
						Middle Albian													106.2 *
						Early Albian													109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian			Cretaceous 3										113
		Aptian				Early Aptian			Cretaceous 3										119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian			Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian													139.8
						Middle Berriasian													140.6 *
						Early Berriasian													142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		Jurassic 6										145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		Jurassic 6										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5										149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian													152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												154.8
		Oxfordian			157.9 *		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian		Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian					Ordovician 1	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian					Cambrian 5					Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10											Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian											Iverian	489.5
			Aksaian											490.7 *
			Sakian											492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian										Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †					Ayusokkanian					Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	497
								Ayusokkanian						Boomerangian	499
														Boomerangian	499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian						Undillan	500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian						Floran	503
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Tuesaian					Cambrian 3	Templetonian	504.5
								505.3						Templetonian
								Ordian						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
				Toyonian										510 *
				Toyonian										510.8 *
				Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian									Cambrian 2	514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian										521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian											Cambrian 1	529
																			538.8