PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian Epochs	North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Sheridanian			0.0117
		Chibanian													Sheridanian			0.129
		Chibanian													Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
		Calabrian													Cudahyan/Sappan			0.774
		Calabrian													Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															2.58
		Zanclean																3.6
		Zanclean													Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian													Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian													Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian													late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
															Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
															late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
																Monroecreekian		23.1 *
																Geringian		24.7 *
		Rupelian														Geringian		27.82
		Rupelian																29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian													Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian																37
		Bartonian																37.71
		Bartonian													Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian													Late Uintan/Early Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian													Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian													Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			47.8
															Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
																	Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian															Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian															Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian															Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian															To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian															To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian															Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian												72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian												100.5
						Middle Albian												106.2 *
						Early Albian												109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian												113
		Aptian				Early Aptian												119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian												139.8
						Middle Berriasian												140.6 *
						Early Berriasian												142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian											145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian											146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian												152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian	168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian	174.7
				Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
				Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian		Sevatian	208.5
				Alaunian	213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan					Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian					Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian					Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Tremadocian					Ungurian		477.7
		Tremadocian					Ungurian		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian				Batyrbaian		489.5
							Aksaian				Aksaian		490.7 *
							Sakian				Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		Ayusokkanian			Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian										Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian										Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				Amgan/Solvan			Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †									505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian	509
									Toyonian	Lenian †		Toyonian		510 *
									Botomian			Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian			Botomian		514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian			Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			Tommotian		521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
																		538.8