PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of the Baltic			Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Zones	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian																			0.129
		Chibanian																	Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian																	Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian																	Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian															MN 17		Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian															MN 17		Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														MN 16		Mangapanian	Yushean	2.58
																	MN 16		Waipipian		3
																	MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean																			3.6
																			Opoitian		3.7
																	MN 14				4.2
																	MN 13			Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian																	Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian															MN 12				7.246
																	MN 11				7.75
																	MN 10				8.7
																	MN 9				9.7
																	MN 9	Southland	Waiauan		11.04
																	MN 7 + 8			Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian															MN 7 + 8				11.63
																	MN 6				12.8 *
																	MN 6		Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian															MN 5		Lillburnian	Shanwangian	13.82
																			Clifdenian		15.1
																		Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian															MN 4				15.98
																	MN 3			Xiejiaan	16.9
																	MN 3		Otaian		18.7
																	MN 2				20
		Aquitanian																			20.44
																		Landon	Waitakian		21.7
																	MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
																			Duntroonian		25.2
																			Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
																		Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																			Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian																	Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian																	Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian																	Bortonian		41.2
																		Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																			Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian																	Heretaungan		47.8
																			Mangaorapan		48.9
																			Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	Teurian		56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian												Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian													Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian													Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian												Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian															89.8
																			Mangaotanean		90.5
																			Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9														Arowhanan
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Late Albian		Urutawan	103.3
				Middle Albian		Urutawan	106.2 *
				Middle Albian	Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian			113
				Late Aptian			117.5
				Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian			139.8
				Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
				Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian				174.7
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
				Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian							Midian	Wordian	264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian	Wordian	266.2 *
		Roadian							Murgabian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian						Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Bolorian							Cathedralian	279.8
										Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian									283.5
			Yakhtashian								286
			Yakhtashian						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian							Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni				443.8
		Katian			Pirgu		445.2
					Vormsi		449.6 *
					Nabala		Johvi †				450 *
					Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
						Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †				453
						Haljala					453.9
						Kukruse					456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †				457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku					458.4
						Lasnamagi					458.9 *
						Aseri					460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
						Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Volkhov						467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
							Latorp †					470.1 *
						Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg						477.7
						Varangu						481.3 *
						Pakerort						482.2 *
												Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
				Sunwaptan											487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
							Aksaian	490.7 *
							Sakian	492.2 *
				Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian						494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						Amgan/Solvan		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †								Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †		509
								Toyonian					Lenian †			510 *
			Dyeran					Toyonian	511 *
								Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3							514
			Montezuman						514.8 *
			Montezuman					Atdabanian		515.6 *
			Begadean					Atdabanian		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian		521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
																					538.8