PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of the Baltic				Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian of Western Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															Nihewanian	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian													Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian													Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian													Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian													Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean																3.6
															Hemphillian			4.7
																	Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
															Clarendonian			9.4
																	Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian																11.63
		Serravallian													Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian															Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
															Hemingfordian			16.3
															Hemingfordian		Xiejiaan	16.9
															Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
		Rupelian																27.82
															Whitneyan			29.5
															Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian													Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian													Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian													Duchesnean			37.71
		Bartonian													Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian													Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian													Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian													Bridgerian			47.8
															Wasatchian			50.5
															Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian													Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian													Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian													Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian													Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian													Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian												72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian												100.5
						Middle Albian												106.2 *
						Early Albian												109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian												113
		Aptian				Early Aptian												119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian												139.8
						Middle Berriasian												140.6 *
						Early Berriasian												142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian											145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *		Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
				Late Bajocian			Humphresianum	168.4
				Early Bajocian			Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
				Late Toarcian				180.1
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
				Middle Toarcian		Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
				Early Toarcian		Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian							Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju							Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
					Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
			Viru		Rakvere						450.6 *
					Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian			Keila					Idavere †	453
					Haljala						453.9
					Kukruse						456.4 *
					Uhaku					Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
					Lasnamagi		458.9 *
					Aseri		460.4 *
			Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
					Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov						467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
						Latorp †				470.1 *
					Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg					477.7
					Varangu					481.3 *
					Pakerort					482.2 *
										Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
										Payntonian						486.8 *
		Jiangshanian								Iverian				Jiangshanian		489.5
											Aksaian					490.7 *
											Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian								Idamean				Paibian		494
				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian									494.7 *
				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian									Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †				Mindyallan		Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
								Boomerangian		Ayusokkanian					499
								Boomerangian		Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian						Undillan					Drumian		500.5
		Drumian						Floran					Drumian		503
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Templetonian			Amgan/Solvan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		Ordian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian					509
											Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
											Toyonian			510.8 *
											Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3							Nangaoian		Botomian			514
		Stage 3							Nangaoian		Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian		Meishucunian			521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian											Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian									Jinnigian		Manykaian †	530.7
																		538.8