PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of North America			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	North American Land Mammal Ages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Saintaugustinean		Cenozoic 6			0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian										Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian										Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
		Zanclean															3.6
		Zanclean										Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Tortonian										Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian										Clarendonian		Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Serravallian										Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
												Hemingfordian					16.3
												Arikareean					18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Cenozoic 4			23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
												Whitneyan					29.5
												Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Chadronian		Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Priabonian										Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian										Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian										Uintan		Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian										Bridgerian					47.8
												Wasatchian					50.5
												Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Clarkforkian		Cenozoic 1			56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian										Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian			Cretaceous 8		Senonian	66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan			Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian								Cretaceous 4		Gallic	100.5
						Middle Albian											106.2 *
						Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian								Cretaceous 3			113
		Aptian				Early Aptian								Cretaceous 3			119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian								Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2		Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian											139.8
						Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
						Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							Jurassic 6			145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							Jurassic 6			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5			149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian		Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian						Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan			Silurian 2			419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran						422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian							Lockportian	Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian			Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan			Clinton						440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ordovician 5	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan								445.2
					Cautleyan								448.9 *
					Pusgillian								449.3 *
					Caradoc							Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
												Cheneyan		451.5 *
												Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									Ordovician 4			453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
												Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian			Ordovician 3							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian			Ordovician 2							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian									Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Fennian			470
												Whitlandian			471.1 *
												Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1						Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
											Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
															485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5										485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †										Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian													Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1								529
																	538.8