PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of the Baltic			Devonian Subages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						Late Pliocene										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian							Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian													72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian													100.5
						Middle Albian													106.2 *
						Early Albian													109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian													113
		Aptian				Early Aptian													119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian													139.8
						Middle Berriasian													140.6 *
						Early Berriasian													142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian													152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian													168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian													168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian													174.7
						Middle Toarcian													180.4 *
						Early Toarcian													182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian				Sevatian													208.5
						Alaunian													213.2 *
						Lacian													216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian													227
		Carnian				Julian													233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian													237
		Ladinian				Fassanian													239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian													242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian					358.9
			Middle Famennian					365.3 *
			Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian					372.2
			Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
			Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian					382.7
			Middle Givetian					383.7 *
			Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian					387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian					393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian					398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					410.8
			Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu			Gamachian	445.2
								Pirgu			Richmondian	446 *
								Vormsi			Richmondian	449.6 *
								Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Nabala			Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
								Nabala			Edenian			450.4 *
							Viru	Rakvere			Edenian			450.6 *
								Rakvere		Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
								Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian						Keila					Idavere †	453
								Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
								Haljala						453.9
								Kukruse						456.4 *
								Kukruse		Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
				Uhaku				Aluoja †					457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku									458.4
				Lasnamagi	458.9 *
				Aseri	460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka					467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
											Rangerian		469.1 *
					Billingen						Rangerian		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
								Tulean			473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean			477.7
								Stairsian			480.3 *
					Varangu			Stairsian			481.3 *
					Varangu			Skullrockian			Demingian †			482 *
					Pakerort									482.2 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian				485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
						Aksaian										490.7 *
						Sakian										492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †					Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †						Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Amgan/Solvan	509
			Toyonian									Lenian †					510 *
			Botomian														512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian														514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian														515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian														521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian														525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian									Manykaian †					529
																			538.8