PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Sheridanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian										Sheridanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian										Cudahyan/Sappan				Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian										Cudahyan/Sappan				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian										Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
		Gelasian									MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								MN 16					Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian									MN 15					Late Pliocene	3.2
		Zanclean									MN 15					Early Pliocene	3.6
											MN 14						4.2
											MN 14	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					4.7
											MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									MN 13					Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian									MN 12						7.246
											MN 11						7.75
											MN 10						8.7
											MN 10	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
											MN 9						9.7
											MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian														Middle Miocene	11.63
												late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
											MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian									MN 5						13.82
		Burdigalian									MN 4					Early Miocene	15.98
											MN 4	Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
											MN 3	Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.9
											MN 3	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
											MN 2						20
		Aquitanian									MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian									MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Late Oligocene	23.03
													Monroecreekian				23.1 *
													Geringian				24.7 *
		Rupelian											Geringian			Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian														Early Oligocene	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian														Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian														Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian										Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian										Late Uintan/Early Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian										Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian										Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				Early Eocene	47.8
												Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
														Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian												Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian												Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian												To3/To2/To1		Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian												To3/To2/To1		Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian												Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									Senonian		66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian									Gallic		100.5
						Middle Albian											106.2 *
						Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian											113
		Aptian				Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
				Late Kimmeridgian		Kawhia	Ohauan		150
				Early Kimmeridgian			Ohauan		152.2 *
				Early Kimmeridgian			Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian					174.7
				Late Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
				Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			Warepan		208.5
				Alaunian					213.2 *
				Lacian					216.7 *
							Otamitan		217
							Oretian		221
		Carnian		Tuvalian			Oretian		227
				Tuvalian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
				Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian					237
				Longobardian			Etalian		238
				Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian					242
				Pelsonian					243.8 *
				Bithynian					244.7 *
				Aegean					245.5 *
				Aegean			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian					247.2
				Smithian					248.9 *
				Smithian			Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Dienerian					251.2
				Griesbachian					251.4 *
				Griesbachian		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan		Meishanian	251.902
							Waiitian		Meishanian	253.2
			Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †						Laoshanian	254.14
							Puruhauan		Laoshanian	254.2
							Puruhauan		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan	Aparima		Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian							Barettian	266
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian				273.01
		Kungurian							Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian							Mangapirian	283.5
									Telfordian	285
						Longlinian			Telfordian	285.4 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian				Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
																	538.8