PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian Epochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian									Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Cenozoic 4		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Cenozoic 4		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Cenozoic 3		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
		Bartonian									Cenozoic 3		MP 16			37.71
		Lutetian									Cenozoic 2		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
		Ypresian									Cenozoic 2		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Cenozoic 1		MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian					Cretaceous 4					100.5
						Middle Albian										106.2 *
						Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian					Cretaceous 3					113
		Aptian				Early Aptian					Cretaceous 3					119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian					Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian										139.8
						Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
						Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan	Jurassic 6					145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				Jurassic 6					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5					149.2
						Late Kimmeridgian			Kawhia	Ohauan						150
						Early Kimmeridgian				Ohauan						152.2 *
						Early Kimmeridgian				Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian										168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian										168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian										174.7
						Late Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan						176
						Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
						Early Toarcian										182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2					184.2
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				Aratauran	Jurassic 2					188.9
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian		Sevatian	Warepan	208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian		Tuvalian	Oretian	Triassic 3		227
				Tuvalian	Gore			Kaihikuan	227.5
				Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		Triassic 2			237
				Longobardian				Etalian	238
				Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian					242
				Pelsonian					243.8 *
				Bithynian					244.7 *
				Aegean					245.5 *
				Aegean				Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Triassic 1			247.2
				Smithian					248.9 *
				Smithian				Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Dienerian					251.2
				Griesbachian					251.4 *
				Griesbachian	DUrville			Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian		Makarewan	Permian 4	251.902
						Meishanian		Waiitian		253.2
			Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †			Laoshanian				254.14
						Laoshanian		Puruhauan		254.2
						Laibinian		Puruhauan		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian			Flettian		264.28
		Wordian						Barettian		266
		Roadian							Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian				Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian		283.5
								Telfordian		285
					Longlinian			Telfordian		285.4 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian				Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian				Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian							Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian							Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean							Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian							Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2		Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli								Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5					Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian											Batyrbaian	489.5
													Aksaian	490.7 *
													Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian											Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †					Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian													499.5
		Drumian												Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian												Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †									Cambrian 3		Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †												505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian		509
				Toyonian										510 *
				Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian								Cambrian 2		514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian										521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian										Cambrian 1		529
																538.8