PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Permian of China	Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Cretaceous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian		Senonian	66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian						Gallic	100.5
						Middle Albian							106.2 *
						Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian							113
		Aptian				Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian							139.8
						Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
						Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian							168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian							174.7
						Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
						Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian				Sevatian							208.5
						Alaunian							213.2 *
						Lacian							216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian							227
		Carnian				Julian							233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian							237
		Ladinian				Fassanian							239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian							242
						Pelsonian							243.8 *
						Bithynian							244.7 *
						Aegean							245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian							247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian				Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian				Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian				Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian				Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian				Zisongian		Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian		Virgilian	298.9
		Gzhelian						Virgilian	300.1
		Kasimovian	Missourian					303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian					307
		Moscovian	Atokan					312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan					315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan					318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian					323.2
		Visean	Chesterian					330.9
			Meramecian					335.8 *
			Osagean					343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean					346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian					351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †				497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †			504.5
													509