PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Britain		Central Paratethys Stages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Sheridanian			Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian										Sheridanian			Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian										Cudahyan/Sappan			Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian										Cudahyan/Sappan			Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian										Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean													Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean										Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			Early Pliocene	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian									Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian									Pannonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian									Sarmatian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			Middle Miocene	11.63
											Sarmatian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
											Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian													Early Miocene	15.98
												Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
												late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Late Oligocene	23.03
													Monroecreekian			23.1 *
													Geringian			24.7 *
		Rupelian											Geringian		Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian													Early Oligocene	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian													Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian													Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian										Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian										Late Uintan/Early Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian										Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian										Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			Early Eocene	47.8
												Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
														Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian												Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian												Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian												To3/To2/To1	Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian												To3/To2/To1	Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian												Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian										100.5
						Middle Albian										106.2 *
						Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian										113
		Aptian				Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian										139.8
						Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
						Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
				Late Bajocian		Humphresianum		168.4
				Early Bajocian		Humphresianum		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
				Late Toarcian				180.1
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
				Middle Toarcian	Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
				Early Toarcian	Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian	259.51
		Wordian							Midian	264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian							Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian							Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian							Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian							Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
		Stage 10					Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian					Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian					Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian					Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	St Davids			497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
																538.8