PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	North American Land Mammal Ages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean		Cenozoic 6			0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian							Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian							Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian							Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean							Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian							Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian							Clarendonian		Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Serravallian							Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
									Hemingfordian					16.3
									Arikareean					18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Cenozoic 4			23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
									Whitneyan					29.5
									Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian		Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Priabonian							Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian							Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian							Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian							Uintan		Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Lutetian							Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian							Bridgerian					47.8
									Wasatchian					50.5
									Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Clarkforkian		Cenozoic 1			56
		Thanetian							Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian							Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian							Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian							Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian							Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian			Cretaceous 8		Senonian	66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan			Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian					Cretaceous 4		Gallic	100.5
						Middle Albian								106.2 *
						Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian					Cretaceous 3			113
		Aptian				Early Aptian					Cretaceous 3			119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian					Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2		Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian								139.8
						Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
						Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				Jurassic 6			145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				Jurassic 6			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5			149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian		Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †			Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian								Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan		445.2
									Cautleyan		448.9 *
									Pusgillian		449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan				451.5 *
					Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
					Aurelucian				Longvillian †			456.8 *
					Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig			Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian				470
								Whitlandian				471.1 *
								Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Tremadoc			Migneintian				477.7
					Tremadoc			Cressagian				480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †									Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian										Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1								529
														538.8