PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian								Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian								Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian								Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian								Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian								Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Vorohuean								2.58
		Piacenzian								Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean								Chapadmalalan								3.6
										Montehermosan								3.7 *
										Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian										Pannonian						7.246
										Chasicoan								7.9 *
										Mayoan								9.9 *
										Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5				Sarmatian						11.63
												Badenian						12.8 *
										Colloncuran		Badenian						13.7 *
		Langhian								Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian								Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian								Friasian								15.98
										Santacrucian								16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian								Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian								Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4										23.03
		Rupelian																27.82
		Rupelian								Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3		Tinguirirican								33.9
		Priabonian								Divisaderan								35.9 *
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Lutetian								Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian								Mustersan								47.8
		Ypresian								Casamayoran								47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1		Riochican								56
										Itaboraian								56.9 *
										Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
		Danian								Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian		Cretaceous 4										100.5
						Middle Albian												106.2 *
						Early Albian												109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3										113
		Aptian				Early Aptian		Cretaceous 3										119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian		Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian												139.8
						Middle Berriasian												140.6 *
						Early Berriasian												142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6										145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian		Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4					Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2					Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			425.6				Paadla
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		Jaani				433.4
		Telychian			Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Harju				Porkuni		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu			Gamachian	445.2
									Pirgu			Richmondian	446 *
									Vormsi			Richmondian	449.6 *
									Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Nabala			Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
									Nabala			Edenian			450.4 *
					Viru				Rakvere			Edenian			450.6 *
									Rakvere		Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
									Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Keila					Idavere †	453
									Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
									Haljala						453.9
									Kukruse						456.4 *
									Kukruse		Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Uhaku					Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4					Uhaku
				Lasnamagi					458.9 *
				Aseri			460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
					Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka					467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2											467.3
												Rangerian		469.1 *
					Billingen							Rangerian		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
							Latorp †									470.1 *
					Hunneberg											473.7 *
												Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									Tulean				477.7
												Stairsian				480.3 *
					Varangu							Stairsian				481.3 *
					Varangu	Skullrockian						Demingian †			482 *
					Pakerort							Demingian †			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Pakerort										485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †												Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian													Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3														Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														Cambrian 1	529
																		538.8