PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mesozoic Subages		Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian									Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian									Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian									Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian									Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian								MN 17	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
										MN 16	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
										MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean											3.6
											Montehermosan		3.7 *
										MN 14	Montehermosan		4.2
										MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian								MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian								MN 12			7.246
										MN 11			7.75
										MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
										MN 10			8.7
										MN 9			9.7
											Mayoan		9.9 *
											Laventan		10.9 *
										MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5		MN 7 + 8			11.63
										MN 6			12.8 *
										MN 6	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian								MN 5	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian								MN 5	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian								MN 4	Friasian		15.98
										MN 4	Santacrucian		16.2 *
										MN 3	Santacrucian		16.9
										MN 3	Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
										MN 2			20
		Aquitanian											20.44
											Deseadan		20.9 *
										MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4					23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian									Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3			Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian									Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Lutetian									Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian									Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian									Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1			Riochican		56
											Itaboraian		56.9 *
											Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian									Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian		Cretaceous 4					100.5
						Middle Albian							106.2 *
						Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3					113
		Aptian		Early Aptian	119.5 *			Cretaceous 3
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian	Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian		139.8
				Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
				Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian		Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian						Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian				358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian				372.2
						Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
						Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Late Givetian				382.7
						Middle Givetian				383.7 *
						Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Late Emsian				393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2			Early Emsian				398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian				410.8
						Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Cambrian 4					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4					Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3			Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †					Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2			Dyeran		514
										Montezuman		514.8 *
										Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1			529
													538.8