PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian Epochs	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of China		Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
															Irvingtonian			0.21
																	Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene				0.774
															Blancan			1.4
																	Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian															Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian															Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Late Pliocene			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian												Late Pliocene			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene			Waipipian	3.6
																	Opoitian	3.7
															Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian															Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
															Clarendonian			9.4
																Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene				11.63
															Barstovian			12.5
																	Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian															Lillburnian	13.82
																	Clifdenian	15.1
																Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene				15.98
															Hemingfordian			16.3
															Arikareean			18.5
																	Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian															Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene			Waitakian	23.03
																	Duntroonian	25.2
																	Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene				27.82
															Whitneyan			29.5
															Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
																Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																	Kaiatan	36.7
															Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene				37.71
																	Bortonian	39.1
															Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2					41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																	Heretaungan	45.7
															Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene				47.8
																	Mangaorapan	48.9
															Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
															Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
															Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian												Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian												Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian												Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5				Arowhanan	93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4				Motuan	100.5
								Urutawan	103.3
							Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3				Korangan	113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
				Planulata						179.3 *
				Planulata						Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense							181.3 *
				Carlottense							182.3 *
				Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae					Jurassic 2		184.2
				Freboldi							185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi							Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras							Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1			192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras						Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian								Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian								Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian								Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian								Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian								Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian								Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian								Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
			Middle Famennian			365.3 *
			Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
			Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		Devonian 3	382.7
			Middle Givetian			383.7 *
			Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		Devonian 2	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian		Devonian 2	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				Paibian				494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †		Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian	Duyunian			509	Cambrian 3
	Series 2	Stage 3						Nangaoian			Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian				521			Cambrian 2
		Fortunian		Meishucunian				Cambrian 1	529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian				Cambrian 1	530.7
																		538.8