PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of China			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Silurian of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																		Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Sheridanian						Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian											Sheridanian									0.129
													Cudahyan/Sappan									0.21
																					Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian																				0.774
													Senecan/Rexroadian									1.4
																					Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian																			Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian																			Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																Yushean		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian																			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean																			Waipipian	3.6
																					Opoitian	3.7
													Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian									4.7
																			Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian																			Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																				7.246
													Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									9.4
																				Southland	Waiauan	11.04
																			Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian																				11.63
													late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian									12.5
																					Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian																	Shanwangian		Lillburnian	13.82
																					Clifdenian	15.1
																				Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian																				15.98
													Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									16.3
													Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						Xiejiaan			16.9
													late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian								18.5
																					Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian																			Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian																		Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
														Monroecreekian								23.1 *
														Geringian								24.7 *
																					Duntroonian	25.2
																					Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian																				27.82
		Rupelian																				29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian											Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									33.9
																				Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																					Kaiatan	36.7
																						37
		Bartonian																				37.71
																					Bortonian	39.1
													Late Uintan/Early Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian																				41.2
																				Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																					Heretaungan	45.7
													Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian									46.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
																					Mangaorapan	48.9
													Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								Mangaorapan	50.5
													Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								Waipawan	52
															Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						Teurian	56
		Thanetian													Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							56.2
		Selandian													Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							59.2
		Selandian													To3/To2/To1							60.9
		Danian		61.6											To3/To2/To1
		Danian		Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian					Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
							Mangaotanean	90.5
							Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan	93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic			Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
						Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian					Korangan	113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
								Planulata	179.3 *
								Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
								Kanense		181.3 *
								Carlottense		182.3 *
								Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian						Kunae		184.2
								Freboldi		185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian									192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian						Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian										Wordian		264.28
		Roadian										Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian												Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian											283.5	Hessian
		Artinskian										Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian											Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian											Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian							438.7 *
			Medinan	Clinton	440.1 *
					440.7 *
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †									443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †									445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang												449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang												453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo										458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo									466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian												467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian												470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian												Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Lianghekou †									Ungurian	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian														Batyrbaian	489.5
																Aksaian	490.7 *
																Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian														Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian																499.5
		Drumian															Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian								Tuesaian							503
		Wuliuan								Tuesaian	Stage 5 †						504.5
		Wuliuan							505.3		Stage 5 †
	Series 2	Stage 4									Early Cambrian				509
								Toyonian							510 *
								Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian							514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian							521
		Stage 2													525.5
		Fortunian													529
																						538.8