PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous of North America	Permian of North America		North American Land Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian										Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian										Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean										Hemphillian		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian											Pannonian	7.246
		Tortonian										Clarendonian	Pannonian	9.4
		Serravallian										Clarendonian	Sarmatian	11.63
												Barstovian	Sarmatian	12.5
													Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
												Hemingfordian		16.3
												Arikareean		18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
												Whitneyan		29.5
												Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Chadronian		33.9
		Priabonian										Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian										Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian										Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian										Bridgerian		47.8
												Wasatchian		50.5
												Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian										Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras								168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
		Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense		181.3 *
				Carlottense		182.3 *
				Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
				Freboldi		185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian					192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian						Wordian	264.28
		Roadian						Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian							Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian							Bursumian †	Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian			298.9
		Kasimovian						Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian						Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian						Desmoinesian			307
		Moscovian						Atokan			312.7 *
		Bashkirian						Atokan			315.2
		Bashkirian						Morrowan			318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian			323.2
		Visean						Chesterian			330.9
								Meramecian			335.8 *
								Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian	346.7					Osagean
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian					351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian			427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian			429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
														509