PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	North American Land Mammal Ages	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Pamirs	Central Paratethys Stages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean									0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Sheridanian			Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean								Late Pleistocene	0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean								Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian					Cudahyan/Sappan			Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian					Cudahyan/Sappan			Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan					Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean																Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean								Hemphillian					Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			Early Pliocene	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian												Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian								Clarendonian				Pannonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian								Clarendonian				Sarmatian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			Middle Miocene	11.63
										Barstovian				Sarmatian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
														Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																Early Miocene	15.98
										Hemingfordian					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
										Arikareean					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Late Oligocene	23.03
																Monroecreekian			23.1 *
																Geringian			24.7 *
		Rupelian														Geringian		Early Oligocene	27.82
										Whitneyan									29.5
										Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Chadronian					Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean								Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean								Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan					Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian								Uintan					Late Uintan/Early Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			Early Eocene	47.8
										Wasatchian					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
										Clarkforkian							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Clarkforkian							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian							To3/To2/To1	Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian							To3/To2/To1	Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian								Puercan							Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian								100.5
											Middle Albian								106.2 *
											Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian								113
		Aptian									Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian								139.8
											Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
											Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *							Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras		Late Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		Late Bajocian		Humphresianum	168.4
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		Early Bajocian		Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		Late Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
				Planulata					179.3 *
									Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
											180.1
						Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
				Kanense							181.3 *
				Kanense			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
				Carlottense							182.3 *
				Carlottense		Early Toarcian					182.9 *
				Kunae		Early Toarcian					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
				Freboldi							185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi							Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras							Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras					Psiloceras			196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian					Sevatian					208.5
							Alaunian					213.2 *
							Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian					227
		Carnian					Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian					237
		Ladinian					Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian					242
							Pelsonian					243.8 *
							Bithynian					244.7 *
							Aegean					245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian					247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian					248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian					251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian					251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †			Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian		259.51
		Wordian								Midian		264.28
		Wordian								Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian								Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian								Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian								Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian								Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian								Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian								Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
		Visean											330.9
		Tournaisian											346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian					489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			St Davids					497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
																			538.8