PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian Epochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of North America			Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian					3
		Zanclean								Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian					13.82
										Clifdenian					15.1
									Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian					23.03
										Duntroonian					25.2
										Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
									Arnold	Runangan					34.6
										Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian					41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
										Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan					47.8
										Mangaorapan					48.9
										Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian					56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian								Haumurian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	86.1
		Coniacian												Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian												Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
										Mangaotanean					90.5
										Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
										Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan				Late Albian	100.5
										Urutawan				Late Albian	103.3
										Urutawan				Middle Albian	106.2 *
									Taitai	Korangan				Middle Albian	108.4
														Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian												Late Aptian	113
														Late Aptian	117.5
														Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian	168.2
							Late Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.4
							Early Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	Late Toarcian	174.7
								Late Toarcian	180.1
								Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Middle Toarcian	182
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian						Sevatian	208.5
								Alaunian	213.2 *
								Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian						Tuvalian	227
		Carnian						Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Longobardian	237
		Ladinian						Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian	242
								Pelsonian	243.8 *
								Bithynian	244.7 *
								Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian	251.2
		Induan						Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian								298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian								303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian								305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian								307
		Moscovian	Atokan								312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan								315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan								318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian								323.2
		Visean	Chesterian								330.9
			Meramecian								335.8 *
			Osagean								343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean							346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian							351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian		Gamachian				443.8
		Katian				Gamachian				445.2
						Richmondian				446 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian	450.4 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian	451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian	453
						Turinian	453.7 *
				Whiterockian			Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian			Rangerian	469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean						477.7
					Stairsian						480.3 *
					Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian	Late Cambrian						485.4
		Stage 10										487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †						Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
															538.8