PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian	Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian							Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic				100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum					168.4
		Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
		Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
		Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
		Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian									Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian									Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian									Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju							Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
			Viru						Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri	460.4 *
			Oeland					Kunda	462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian					477.7	Hunneberg
							Varangu	481.3 *
							Pakerort	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort	Late Cambrian			485.4
											486.3 *
						486.5
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8