PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Britain			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian of England	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian																							0.0042
		Greenlandian																							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																						Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian																						Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian																		Castlecliffian				Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian																		Castlecliffian				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian																		Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian																		Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian																		Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	Mangapanian				Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian																		Waipipian				Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean																		Waipipian				Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean																		Opoitian				Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	Taranaki	Kapitean				Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian																		Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian																		Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian																	Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian																		Waiauan				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian																		Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian																		Lillburnian					13.82
																				Clifdenian					15.1
																			Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian																		Altonian				Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian																		Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian																		Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian																	Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		Waitakian				Late Oligocene	23.03
																				Duntroonian					25.2
																				Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian																						Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																						Late Eocene	33.9
																			Arnold	Runangan					34.6
																				Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian																		Kaiatan				Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian																		Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian																		Bortonian					41.2
																			Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
																				Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian																		Heretaungan				Early Eocene	47.8
																				Mangaorapan					48.9
																				Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		Teurian				Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian																						Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian																						Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	Mata	Haumurian			Senonian		66
		Campanian																		Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian																		Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian																	Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian																							86.3
		Turonian																							89.8
																				Mangaotanean					90.5
																				Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian																		Arowhanan					93.9
																			Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
																				Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		Motuan			Gallic		100.5
																				Urutawan					103.3
																			Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian																		Korangan					113
		Aptian																							117.5
		Barremian																							121.4
		Hauterivian																					Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian																							132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
		Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle						Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle						Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale						Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian	Wych						Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park							439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill							Hirnantian	Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
										Rawtheyan			Richmondian		446 *
										Cautleyan					448.9 *
										Pusgillian					449.3 *
			Caradoc							Streffordian					Onnian †	449.6 *
											Berounian					449.7 *
				Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian								449.8 *
				Edenian									450.4 *
				Mohawkian								Chatfieldian	451.1 *
										Cheneyan			451.5 *
										Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
													Actonian †		453.2 *
												Turinian	Actonian †		453.7 *
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †						455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice			Letna †	456.2 *
										Aurelucian							456.8 *
				Whiterockian								Canadian †					Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian											457.4 *
						Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
											Dobrotivian			458.5 *
											Oretanian			459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
						Sarka †										461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †										467.3
											Arenigian					468
			Arenig				Fennian									468.4 *
					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †								Cassinian †	470
					Blackhillsian		Whitlandian										471.1 *
					Tulean		Whitlandian										473.9 *
							Moridunian										474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	Tremadocian										477.7
					Stairsian	Migneintian											480.3 *
					Stairsian	Cressagian											480.8 *
					Skullrockian											Demingian †	482 *
																	Mansian †	483.55 *
																	Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †				Ketyan †/Yurakian							Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10																		487.5
		Jiangshanian																		489.5
							Aksaian													490.7 *
							Sakian													492.2 *
		Paibian																		494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian								494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian												Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian													499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian													500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †													Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																		Early Cambrian	Amgan/Solvan	509
												Toyonian									Lenian †	510 *
												Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3										Botomian										514
		Stage 3										Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian										521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian										Nemakit-Daldynian									Manykaian †	529
																									538.8