PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian of Western Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian							Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian							Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian							Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean															3.6
									Hemphillian								4.7
														Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
									Clarendonian								9.4
														Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian															11.63
		Serravallian							Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian												Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
									Hemingfordian								16.3
									Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
									Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
									Whitneyan								29.5
									Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian							Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian							Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian							Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian							Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian							Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian							Bridgerian								47.8
									Wasatchian								50.5
									Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian							Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian							Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian							Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian							Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian							Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian													Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian													Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian													Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian													Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian													Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													Late Albian		100.5
															Middle Albian		106.2 *
															Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian													Late Aptian		113
		Aptian													Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian													Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian													Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian													Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian													Late Berriasian		139.8
															Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
															Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *											Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian	168.2
						Late Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.4
						Early Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	Late Toarcian	174.7
							Late Toarcian	180.1
							Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Middle Toarcian	182
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian					Sevatian	208.5
							Alaunian	213.2 *
							Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian	227
		Carnian					Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian	237
		Ladinian					Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian	242
							Pelsonian	243.8 *
							Bithynian	244.7 *
							Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian	251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †		Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian								Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian		Batyrbaian				Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian									Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian			Jiangshanian						489.5
					Aksaian							490.7 *
					Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian	Idamean			Paibian						494
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
				Boomerangian	499	Ayusokkanian
				Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian	499.5
		Drumian		Undillan		Drumian						500.5
		Drumian		Floran		Drumian						503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan		Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Ordian			Wuliuan/Taijangian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian					509
						Toyonian			Lenian †				510 *
						Toyonian							510.8 *
						Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian		Nangaoian					514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian		Nangaoian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian		Meishucunian					521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian							Manykaian †				529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian	Manykaian †				530.7
																	538.8