PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Permian Subages of Germany	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Sheridanian						Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian					Sheridanian						Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian					Cudahyan/Sappan						Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian					Cudahyan/Sappan						Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian					Senecan/Rexroadian							1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean											Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean					Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian						Early Pliocene	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian							9.4
		Serravallian					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian					late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian							12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene	15.98
							Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian							16.3
							late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian						18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene	23.03
								Monroecreekian						23.1 *
								Geringian						24.7 *
		Rupelian						Geringian			Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian									Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian					Late Uintan/Early Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian					Late Uintan/Early Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian							46.2
		Ypresian					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					Bumbanian	Early Eocene	47.8
							Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean							50.5
									Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Gashatan		Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Gashatan		Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian							To3/To2/To1				Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian							To3/To2/To1				Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian							Pu3/Pu2/Pu1				Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian								66
		Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan								72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller					259.51
		Wordian			Leine					264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian			485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian			489.5
			Aksaian			490.7 *
			Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
						Toyonian	510 *
						Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian	514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	521
														525.5