PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Lujanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian							Lujanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian							Ensenadan				Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian							Ensenadan				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian							Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian							Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						Vorohuean				Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian							Chapadmalalan				Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean							Chapadmalalan				Early Pliocene	3.6
									Montehermosan					3.7 *
									Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
									Chasicoan					7.9 *
									Mayoan					9.9 *
									Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian							Laventan				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian							Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian							Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian							Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian							Friasian				Early Miocene	15.98
									Santacrucian					16.2 *
									Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
		Aquitanian							Colhuehuapian					20.44
		Aquitanian							Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian											Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian							Tinguirirican				Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian							Tinguirirican				Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian							Divisaderan				Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Lutetian							Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian							Mustersan				Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian							Casamayoran				Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Riochican				Late Paleocene	56
									Itaboraian					56.9 *
									Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian							Tiupampan				Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian			100.5
											Middle Albian			106.2 *
											Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian			113
		Aptian									Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian			139.8
											Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
											Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian			227
		Carnian		Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian			237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian	509
		Stage 3					Branchian	514
		Stage 3					Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
														538.8