PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian of North America			South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian											Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian											Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian											Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian											Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian											Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian											Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean											Chapadmalalan		3.6
													Montehermosan		3.7 *
													Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
													Chasicoan		7.9 *
													Mayoan		9.9 *
													Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian											Laventan		11.63
		Serravallian											Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian											Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian											Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian											Friasian		15.98
													Santacrucian		16.2 *
													Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
		Aquitanian											Colhuehuapian		20.44
		Aquitanian											Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
		Rupelian											Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian											Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian											Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Lutetian											Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian											Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian											Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Riochican		56
													Itaboraian		56.9 *
													Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
		Danian											Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian								100.5
							Middle Albian								106.2 *
							Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian								113
		Aptian					Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian								139.8
							Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
							Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian			227
		Carnian		Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian			237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare			Cayugan		419.2
			Kaugetuma			Cayugan		421.7 *
			Kaugetuma			Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare					423
		Ludfordian	Paadla					423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula					Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu					Lockportian	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu						430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani						431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani					Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere						434 *
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Raikkula		439.4 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian								Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Hunneberg			477.7
				Varangu						481.3 *
				Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort						485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †		504.5
															509